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Item type:Publicação, Micropropagação in vitro do abacaxizeiro ‘Turiaçu’ cultivado no município de Itacoatiara-AM(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, 2023) Santos, Cibelle Azamora dos; Lopes, RicardoThe pineapple crop stands out as the second in production value among temporary crops in Amazonas, surpassed only by cassava. The Turiaçu variety is the most produced and consumed in the state and most of the production comes from Itacoatiara, which ranks 9th in cultivated area and 12th in production volume among pineapple-producing municipalities in Brazil. On the other hand, productivity in Amazonas is below the largest pineapple producers in Brazil. One of the possible causes of low productivity is the incidence of diseases, including viruses. Among the forms of disease control, the use of healthy seedlings is recommended, in this sense, the production of micropropagated seedlings in vitro is highlighted. However, there are no protocols for in vitro micropropagation of the Turiaçu variety. For this reason, the objective of this study was to establish an in vitro micropropagation protocol for the Turiaçu pineapple variety grown in Amazonas. Experiments using apical and lateral buds of the fruit crown stalk were conducted to evaluate asepsis procedures and the micropropagation method by estiolation and shoot multiplication. The explants were obtained from commercial fruit crowns of the Turiaçu variety produced in the municipality of Itacoatiara, Amazonas and in vitro culture used the MS culture medium (MURASHIGE and SKOOG, 1962). The experiments were carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture of Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. In the asepsis experiment, different concentrations and immersion times of the explant in sodium hypochlorite solution were evaluated and contamination, oxidation and survival of the explants were evaluated. In the in vitro establishment experiment, different combinations of concentrations of the growth regulators ANA and BAP were tested and the length of the aerial part was evaluated after 90 days of the in vitro explants. In the stiolation experiment, shoots established from axillary buds were cultivated for 90 days in different combinations of concentrations of the growth regulators BAP and ANA and in the regeneration stage nodal segments of stiolated shoots were cultivated for 90 days in medium with different concentrations of BAP. In the in vitro rooting experiment regenerated shoots were cultivated for 45 days with different concentrations of ANA and evaluated for aerial part length, number and length of roots and fresh and dry weight of shoots. In the acclimatization, the seedlings from the treatments with different doses of ANA in the in vitro rooting were grown in the greenhouse and evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days for collar diameter, number of leaves, length and width of the largest leaf, length and width of the 2nd smallest leaf, root length and chlorophyll content. According to the results obtained, it was concluded: a) for asepsis of apical buds, a solution with 0.5% of active chlorine is recommended and for axillary buds with 1.25% of active chlorine and 5 min of immersion in the aseptic solution for both types of buds; b) for in vitro establishment, MS medium plus 2.3 µM L-1 of BAP is recommended. b) for in vitro establishment, MS medium plus 2.3 µM L- 1 of BAP is recommended for apical buds and MS medium without growth regulators is recommended for axillary buds; c) for in vitro budding, culture in MS medium without growth regulators is recommended; d) for the multiplication of shoots from nodal segments, cultivation in MS medium plus 18.6 µM L-1 of BAP is recommended, with three subcultures of 30 days, conditions that provide an estimated multiplication rate of 428 regenerated shoots per explant and, e) for the in vitro rooting of micropropagated shoots, cultivation for 45 days in MS medium without growth regulators is recommended.Item type:Publicação, Climate monitoring bulletin for the major river basins, Volume 4, Number 05(2026-02-04) Senna, Renato Cruz; Rocha, Tainá Sampaio Xavier Conchy; Arcos, Adriano NobreAnalysis of the behavior of rainfall (accumulated in 30 days) over the main river basins in the Amazon with the categorization of positive and negative rainfall anomalies for the period, calculation of the average value of accumulated rainfall by river basin and analysis of behavior in relation to the available climatology, it also presents a descriptive graph of weekly behavior (accumulated over 7 days).Item type:Publicação, Boletín de monitoreo climático de las principales cuencas hidrográficas, Volume 4, Numero 05(2026-02-04) Senna, Renato Cruz; Rocha, Tainá Sampaio Xavier Conchy; Arcos, Adriano Nobre; Senna, Renato Cruz; Rocha, Tainá Sampaio Xavier Conchy; Arcos, Adriano NobreAnálisis del comportamiento de la precipitación (acumulada en 30 días) sobre las principales cuencas hidrográficas de la Amazonia con la categorización de anomalías pluviométricas positivas y negativas para el período, cálculo del valor medio de la precipitación acumulada por cuenca hidrográfica y análisis del comportamiento en relación a la climatología disponible, presenta también un gráfico descriptivo del comportamiento semanal (acumulado en 7 días).Item type:Publicação, Restauração de áreas alteradas na Amazônia Central: práticas silviculturais de fertilização fosfatada nas relações entre crescimento e características funcionais e reabsorção de nutrientes de espécies florestais nativas(2025-12-09) Carvalho, Alaíde de Oliveira; Ferreira, Marciel JoséAmazonian soils are generally characterized by low fertility, with naturally low availability of phosphorus (P). Therefore, soil management practices aimed at increasing nutrient availability, combined with the selection of species acclimated to these conditions, represent key strategies for achieving greater success in reforestation projects. However, increases in P availability resulting from chemical fertilization may affect adaptive traits related to nutrient-use efficiency and conservation at the leaf level, potentially influencing species establishment. In this study, the general objective was to investigate how soil phosphorus availability influences the relationships between functional traits and growth, as well as nutrient conservation mechanisms in Amazonian tree species. Since April 2017, we have conducted a mixed plantation with ten forest species belonging to two ecological groups. The five pioneer species were Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr., Erythrina fusca Lour., Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Cham., and Cedrela fissilis L.; and the five non-pioneer species were Swietenia macrophylla King, Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl., Carapa guianensis Aubl., Hymenaea courbaril L., and Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. At planting, the species were subjected to different rates of phosphorus fertilization (P₂O₅): 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅. Two years after planting, analyses of leaf photosynthetic traits and growth rates were conducted. Seven years after planting, leaf samples were collected to evaluate traits related to the conservation of foliar macro- and micronutrients, specifically nutrient resorption efficiency. Regardless of soil phosphorus availability, individual traits exhibited weak relationships with growth rates. However, multiple traits (canopy and leaf traits) reflecting resource acquisition and use strategies showed greater predictive power for growth under both soil phosphorus availability conditions. Fertilization did not affect foliar phosphorus concentrations. D. odorata, B. excelsa, and A. leiocarpa exhibited a high capacity for foliar phosphorus resorption. Foliar phosphorus resorption was more strongly associated with species intrinsic characteristics than with soil phosphorus availability. These results reinforce the complexity of predicting establishment strategies of tree species in tropical sites, posing major challenges to understanding the ecological dynamics of forest stands in response to environmental gradients.Item type:Publicação, Restauração ativa de floresta secundária: Estabelecimento inicial de espécies florestais em resposta a tratamentos silviculturais durante o El Niño 2023/24(2025-12-05) Neves, André Henrique Bueno; Ferreira, Marciel JoséDeforestation in the Legal Amazon has two main causes: illegal logging and the expansion of the agricultural frontier in the biome. Following deforestation, another important characteristic is the lack of adequate management to maintain the productive capacity of the site for agricultural activities, resulting in the abandonment of the area and the deforestation of other forests. As a result of this abandonment, a new vegetation known as secondary forest (capoeira) emerges. Secondary forests occupy approximately 17 million hectares in the Legal Amazon and provide a wide range of ecosystem services, especially acting as important carbon sinks. However, these forests are seen as unproductive and lack specific legal protection, resulting in a high probability of recurrent deforestation. Proper management with the implementation of silvicultural systems suited to the characteristics of the forest constitutes an important conservation strategy for these areas, generating income from timber and non-timber forest products. However, the current scenario of climate change and the intensification of extreme weather events in the Amazon, such as El Niño, which has altered rainfall patterns in the region and increased tree mortality, pose new challenges to the implementation of more sustainable forest production systems. In this context, we implemented a secondary forest enrichment silvicultural system with six forest species (Aniba rosaeodora, Copaifera sp., Dipteryx odorata, Euterpe oleracea, Theobroma cacao, and Theobroma grandiflorum) under different fertilization treatments: (T1) liming; (T2) liming + organic fertilization with chicken manure; (T3) liming + mineral fertilization; and (T4) liming + combined organic and mineral fertilization. The overall objective of this thesis was to evaluate the functional performance and initial establishment of six forest species in a secondary forest enrichment silvicultural system under different fertilization treatments during El Niño 2023/24. The specific objectives were divided into two chapters: I) to investigate the differences in the microclimate of the secondary forest understory and full sun environment during El Niño 2023/24; II) to evaluate whether the functional performance of seedlings planted in the secondary forest understory is influenced by the species and the type of soil management (fertilization) (Chapter 1); and III) to evaluate whether there is a short-term effect of fertilization treatments on the survival and growth of economically important tree species in enrichment plantings in secondary forests; IV) to evaluate whether fertilization treatments promote greater biomass accumulation in the species; V) to evaluate whether fertilization treatments improve the nutritional status of the species (Chapter 2). The understory of the secondary forest, even during severe drought events, exhibited microclimatic characteristics (relative air humidity, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit) that contributed to the initial establishment of the seedlings. The survival rate of all species in all treatments was greater than 90%. Treatments with organic fertilization (T2 and T4) improved nutritional status, especially of the species T. cacao, which also showed greater biomass accumulation in these treatments. The data indicated that the seedlings presented stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to carbon assimilation in response to water deficit. Seedlings from the treatment that combined organic and mineral fertilization (T4) showed greater recovery capacities to water stress, especially D. odorata. On the other hand, A. rosaeodora showed less recovery. Our results demonstrate that the silvicultural enrichment system of secondary tropical forests is a promising adaptive silviculture strategy against the effects of the climate crisis. Despite the significant effects of extreme drought events on the functional performance of the species, in general, the seedlings exhibited good establishment indicators, which were influenced by soil fertility management practices and the species planted.