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Germinação de sementes e respostas iniciais de plântulas de Mangifera indica a condições edáficas e hidrológicas contrastantes na Amazônia Central
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, 2017)
Anjos, Manuella Serejo Cabral dos
;
Wittmann, Florian Karl
;
Wittmann, Astrid de Oliveira
;
Schongart, Jochen
;
Clement, Charles Roland
The Amazon Rainforest comprises two major environmental types: floodable (várzea and igapó) and non-floodable (terra firme), whose vegetation is primarily structured by topography, hydrology, soil properties, and rainfall patterns. Terra firme forests harbor high biodiversity despite nutrient-poor soils, whereas várzea environments—periodically inundated by white-water rivers and governed by a predictable, monomodal flood pulse—are characterized by relatively nutrient-rich substrates and long-standing human use. The introduction of exotic species into várzea landscapes includes the mango tree (Mangifera indica L.), a culturally and economically important species widely domesticated and well adapted to tropical conditions. In northern Brazil, mango trees are now ubiquitous, occurring in várzea backyards as well as in urban, roadside, and rural terra firme settings. This study evaluated germination, fruit and seed biometry, seedling growth and biomass, soil characteristics, and dendroecological patterns to investigate the performance and potential adaptations of M. indica in contrasting environments of Central Amazonia. Seeds from terra firme exhibited higher germination rates, both in várzea (81%) and terra firme soils (86%), compared to seeds from várzea (47% and 30%, respectively). Mean germination time was greater in terra firme soils for both seed origins, whereas germination speed index values were higher in várzea soils. Fruits and seeds from várzea were significantly larger; however, seedling biomass did not differ among treatments. Dendroecological analyses indicated greater growth uniformity, higher wood density, and increased diameter increment in terra firme individuals relative to those from várzea. Overall, terra firme conditions favored the establishment and development of M. indica, suggesting that the absence of flooding enhances growth performance and germination success, even under nutrient-poor conditions.
Anjos, Manuella Serejo Cabral dos
Wittmann, Astrid de Oliveira
Bastos, Alexandre Souza
Benchaya, Gabriella de Azevedo