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Item type:Item, Reprodução sexuada e a evolução de nichos tróficos em ácaros oribatídeos(2024) Ribeiro, Renato Pereira; Pequeno, Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima; Franklin, ElizabethAlthough most species of eukaryotic organisms reproduce sexually and their abundance is associated with greater genetic recombination, asexual reproduction may provide advantages in certain situations. Several studies suggest that the trophic niche can direct the selection of reproductive mode. However, they propose different predictions, about niche characteristics and resource abundance and diversity, which are not totally validated in nature. In this study, we tested the effect of the trophic niche on the reproductive mode of oribatid mites, numerically dominant soil detritivores in which around 10% of the estimated species consist of diploid clonal females. We gathered data on trophic niche (isotope ratios resulting from N and C) and reproductive mode of 148 populations of 94 species. We found that reproductive modes completely overlapped considering their trophic niche and had equivalent niche breadths after taking into account the effects of latitude and phylogeny. Therefore, we refute the idea that reproductive mode affects niche evolution and invalidate hypotheses based on this premise, such as the Tangled Bank Hypothesis and Structured Resource Theory.Item type:Item, Polinização do açaí na amazônia: potenciais polinizadores do açaí-de-touceira (euterpe oleracea mart.) em cultivo convencional na Amazônia Central(2022) Ladislau, João Victor Bandeira; Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de; Hipólito, Juliana; Krug, CristianeDiversas espécies frutíferas da Amazônia são dependentes de animais para seus processos de polinização, como o açaí, a principal palmeira de açaí cultivada no Brasil. Estudos relacionados à comunidade de polinizadores e aspectos reprodutivos das espécies de açaí ganharam destaque nas últimas décadas, acompanhando o crescimento da demanda de seus frutos. Uma grande variedade de táxons já foi registrada visitando as flores de açaí na Amazônia oriental. Ainda assim, estudos sobre a comunidade de visitantes em cultivos no Amazonas, um dos principais produtores de açaí, são antigos e pouco detalhados. Portanto, o presente estudo, estruturado em dois capítulos, visa (1) apresentar o status atual de conhecimento a respeito dos polinizadores das duas espécies de açaí na Amazônia (Euterpe oleracea e E. precatoria) e (2) conhecer a comunidade de visitantes florais e aspectos da interação entre os polinizadores e o açaí-de-touceira (E. oleracea) na Amazônia central. No primeiro capítulo, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre comunidade de potenciais polinizadores das espécies de açaí utilizando as bases de dados dos repositórios: SciELO, Periódicos CAPES, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBRAPA, teses e dissertações do INPA e universidades. No segundo capítulo, foram realizadas coletas de campo entre agosto de 2018 e maio de 2019 em um cultivo na região de Rio Preto da Eva – AM. 38 referências foram encontradas, em sua maioria artigos publicados nas últimas duas décadas sobre E. oleracea (69%), destes apenas 3 foram desenvolvidos no estado do Amazonas. As inflorescências de ambas as espécies foram visitadas por uma grande diversidade de entomofauna, com destaque para a tribo Meliponini, a mais rica e abundante, seguida por Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Drosophilidae e Syrphidae. As coletas realizadas em Rio Preto da Eva – AM resultaram em 1.656 insetos distribuídos em 111 táxons, com destaque para abelhas das tribos Meliponini e Halictini. Os valores de ranqueamento apontaram quatro espécies, Trigona williana, Partamona ferreirai, T. dallatorreana e Frieseomelitta trichocerata, dentre os potenciais polinizadores mais influentes quanto ao fluxo polínico do açaí no cultivo acompanhado. Nossos resultados indicam a entomofilia como síndrome predominante em ambas as palmeiras de açaí e revela a importância de abelhas nativas, em especial a tribo Meliponini, como polinizadoras do açaí-de-touceira para a região da Amazônia central, dada a frequência, importância e eficácia na transferência de pólen entre inflorescências observadas no presente estudo. Porém, ainda são necessários mais estudos, sobretudo para E. precatoria, pouco abordada em trabalhos para este grupo de palmeiras, geralmente com amostragem pequenas e com poucas identificações em nível de espécies.Item type:Item, Caracterização nutricional e aproveitamento tecnológico do Alibertia sorbilis Ducke(2025) Marinho, Vanessa de Souza; Souza, Francisca das Chagas do AmaralThe Amazon rainforest harbors vast agrobiodiversity, including puruí grande (Alibertia sorbilis), an endemic fruit with technological potential due to its high acidity and bioactive compound content. However, it is highly perishable, limiting its consumption in natura. The food industry seeks alternatives to valorize regional fruits, with ultrasound (US) emerging as a promising technology by reducing processing time and preserving sensory and functional compounds. This study aimed to produce A. sorbilis jam using US as a processing technology, evaluating its physicochemical, microbiological, sensory properties, and stability. Fruits were collected in Amazonas, processed to separate pulp, peel, and seeds, and characterized for proximate composition, minerals, and volatile compounds by GC-MS. Pectin yield was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with ultrasound-assisted extraction. Jam was produced by conventional and US methods and analyzed for moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, pH, titratable acidity, water activity, color, total soluble solids, and syneresis during accelerated storage (37°C) up to 180 days. Sensory analysis evaluated overall acceptance, appearance, aroma, color, flavor, texture, and purchase intent, following ethical and robust statistical protocols. The US method showed potential to improve process efficiency, reduce post-harvest losses, and add value to the fruit, enabling the development of innovative, healthy, and sustainable products. The application of US in regional jam production may contribute to Amazonian socioeconomic development, expanding opportunities for local agro-industries and meeting national and international market demands.Item type:Item, Óleo-resina de copaifera spp. e populações naturais de copaifera multijuga hayne na província petrolífera de Urucu, Amazonas(2011) Azeredo, Gustavo Naressi de; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso barbosThe oil-resin of copaíba are collected in natural forests, directly in tree stems of genus Copaifera. Present growing demand for chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and the most popular species of the genus have been studied for decades with regard to yield, chemical composition and applicability of the oil-resin. However, we aimed to characterize the natural populations of Copaifera multijuga Hayne, quantifying the productivity of oil-resin on two species of the genus Copaifera in the forests of Urucu Province (4°30'S / 64°30'W). CHAPTER 1: Were determined the absolute density, the absolute dominance and patterns of natural regeneration of Copaifera multijuga, aiming to characterize the population structure of species in the forests of Urucu. The potential yield of oil-resin was evaluated by drilling 81 trees of C. multijuga with DBH≥26 cm, and the physical characteristics of the oil-resin determined by the density and viscosity values. The results show that C. multijuga has absolute density of 1.43 trees ha-1 and absolute dominance of 0.162 m2 ha-1. Natural regeneration is characterized by presenting individuals with height less than 25 cm, near the mature tree (7 m), and individuals taller than 50 cm in the average distance of 17 m (p<0.05). Of the 81 C. multijuga drilled, 36 produced 6.990 ml of oil-resin, all with DBH<50 cm. In soils with high concentrations of sand, was observed that individuals of C. multijuga have larger average diameter (40.9 cm) (p=048), with lower average productivity of oil-resin (155.4 ml) (p=0.056). Density and viscosity of the oil-resin shows a positive correlation (p<0.001), and the average density of the oils collected during the dry season (0.913, σ=±0.010) was lower than in the rainy season (0.929, σ=±0.029 ) (p=0.049). CHAPTER 2: In Copaifera aff. guianensis Desf. was characterized the environment of natural occurrence in the Province of Urucu and productive potential of oil-resin. Were drilled 24 C. aff. guianensis with DBH between 25.8 and 46.3 cm. In the area of occurrence, samples in soil surface were collected. The oil-resin was evaluated physically by the density and viscosity values. No C. aff. guyanensis with DBH>50 cm was found. Trees of this species have, on average, leaves with 4-5 pairs of leaflets, with adaxial surface color green, and abaxial gray. The fruits are oblong-obovate, and seeds are oblong-globose, with orange aril. This species occurs predominantly in the region of LUC, in areas with high levels of silt, 667 kg ton-1 of soil, that during the rainy season become saturated with water. The average DBH of trees perforated was 33.3 cm (σ=±6.49), and only three C. aff. guyanensis produced oil-resin compound of a red phase and another phase transparent. Another five trees showed traces of oil-resin, 11 did not produce, and five were hollow. The oil-resin has a viscosity of 6.08 mm2/s2 and density 0.926 g/cm3. The average diameter (29.5 cm) of trees with traces of oil-resin was lower than the average DBH of hollow trees (40.7 cm) (p=0.021), suggesting that trees with small and medium diameters store oil-resin, and the highest Copaiba are hollow. The average of DBH (32 cm, σ=±4.6) of Copaiba with production and no production (31.9 cm, σ=±5.7) oil-resin was similar. Due to the small diameter of Copaiba without production, one may suggest that some trees do not store oil-resin in large quantity, or deposited at different heights on trunk.Item type:Item, Climate monitoring bulletin for the major river basins, Volume 3, Number 32(2025-08-06) Senna, Renato Cruz; Carvalho, Luan Rogério Rodrigues; Arcos, Adriano Nobre; Rocha, Tainá Sampaio Xavier Conchy